WEBDESK, Dec. 23, 2025 — A Nordic diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats may significantly improve blood sugar control and reduce liver fat in people with type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, according to a new study.
Researchers at Uppsala University found that participants following a healthy Nordic diet achieved better long-term results than those on other recommended eating plans, including a low-carbohydrate diet.
The year-long study involved 150 people with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three diets: a low-carbohydrate diet low in animal foods, a healthy Nordic diet, or a diet based on standard Nordic nutrition guidelines.
The Nordic diet emphasizes fiber-rich foods such as rye and oats, whole-grain crispbread, apples, berries, cabbage and peas, along with rapeseed oil, nuts and fatty fish like salmon and mackerel. Limited amounts of low-fat dairy were allowed, while red and processed meats, sugary drinks, and sweets were discouraged across all groups.
After one year, those following the Nordic diet showed the greatest improvements. Liver fat levels dropped by more than 20%, blood sugar control improved, and more than half of the participants experienced remission of fatty liver disease. The diet also helped reduce inflammation, body weight, and LDL, or “bad,” cholesterol.
Researchers said they were surprised by the results, having expected the low-carbohydrate diet to perform better. While both diets reduced liver fat and cholesterol, the Nordic diet proved more effective for sustained blood sugar control and liver health.
The study also found that weight loss explained only about half of the improvement in liver fat, suggesting the foods themselves may directly benefit liver function and glucose regulation.
Experts say the findings highlight the potential of an easy-to-follow, balanced Nordic diet as a powerful tool for managing diabetes and fatty liver disease, and could influence future dietary guidelines for patients worldwide.
