The Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), a respiratory virus causing flu-like symptoms, is on the rise in China. Health authorities in the country are closely monitoring cases of pneumonia from unknown origins. They anticipate an increase in respiratory illnesses during the winter months.
This surge in HMPV cases comes five years after the Covid-19 pandemic. Reports indicate the virus is spreading quickly. Following China, Malaysia has also witnessed a significant rise in infections. India has also detected cases recently.
HMPV’s Growing Impact
Videos circulating on social media show overcrowded hospitals in China dealing with flu patients. However, Mao Ning, China’s foreign ministry spokesperson, addressed concerns. She stated, “Respiratory infections tend to peak during the winter season. The diseases appear to be less severe and spread on a smaller scale compared to the previous year.” She assured that the Chinese government prioritizes the health of both citizens and foreigners within the country.
Moreover, China’s National Disease Control and Prevention Administration recently held a press conference. They discussed strategies for managing respiratory diseases during winter.
What is HMPV?
Human Metapneumovirus is a respiratory infection with symptoms resembling the common cold and influenza. While most cases are mild, it can cause severe complications. These complications include pneumonia, particularly in infants, the elderly, and individuals with weakened immune systems.
Recognizing HMPV Symptoms
HMPV symptoms include:
Cough
Fever
Nasal congestion
Shortness of breath
Sore throat
Typically, symptoms develop three to six days after exposure. Severe cases may require hospitalization. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the illness’s duration and severity are similar to other viral respiratory infections.
Most people recover at home within a few days. However, young children, adults over 65, and those with compromised immune systems face a higher risk of severe illness. The Cleveland Clinic highlights that initial infections are more likely to result in serious complications, especially in young children. Subsequent infections generally cause milder symptoms due to acquired immunity.
How Does HMPV Spread?
HMPV spreads through:
Direct contact with an infected person
Touching contaminated surfaces
Coughing, sneezing, or shaking hands
If symptoms worsen, immediate medical attention is necessary. Severe symptoms include persistent cough, wheezing, or difficulty breathing.
Treatment and Prevention
There is currently no vaccine for HMPV. Treatment focuses on symptom relief:
Over-the-counter medications to manage pain and fever
Decongestants for nasal relief
It is crucial to seek medical advice in certain cases. For example, consult a doctor if symptoms persist or worsen after a few days. Seek help if a fever lasts longer than three days. Also, underlying conditions increasing the risk of severe illness require professional attention.
To reduce the spread of HMPV and similar respiratory viruses, follow these steps:
Wash hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.
Avoid touching the face with unwashed hands.
Maintain distance from sick individuals.
Cover the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.
Avoid sharing utensils and cups.
Stay home when feeling unwell.
Regularly clean commonly touched surfaces.
Spread Beyond China
In addition to China, Malaysia, and India, cases have been reported in Hong Kong. Neighboring countries such as Cambodia and Taiwan are monitoring the situation closely.
Malaysia experienced a 45% rise in HMPV cases. There were 327 cases reported in 2024 compared to 225 in 2023, according to The Strait Times. Consequently, the Malaysian Health Ministry has urged citizens to adopt preventive measures. Meanwhile, Indian authorities confirmed two cases in Karnataka through routine surveillance. Both infants had no international travel history.
Human Metapneumovirus may not pose the same threat as previous global outbreaks. However, vigilance and preventive measures remain crucial to managing its spread effectively.
